About the Journal

The thematic fields of the journal are the current issues of logic, anthropology, ethics, aesthetics, theory and history of Armenian and world philosophy. Among the thematic fields are also the current issues of history and theory of psychology, personality and clinical psychology, as well as methodology and methodics of philosophical and psychological research. The editorial board tries to expand the circle of authors inviting researchers from different universities of the world.

Current Issue

Vol. 17 No. 1(49) (2026)
View Vol. 17 No. 1(49) (2026)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46991/BYSU.E/2026.17.1
Published: 2026-04-03

Full Issue

PHILOSOPHY

  • PHILOSOPHY

    The Disruption of Self–Other Dialogue as a Cause of Identity Crisis

    Karine Yaralyan
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    Abstract

    The human being exists in a constant state of searching for the Other and discovering the latter within oneself—a process that enables us, as an "I" or a "We," to expand the horizons of our self-knowledge. The ontological unity of the Self (the "I") and the Other implies that the latter is a crucial participant in the construction of the Self's identity. This unity manifests itself in the substantive duality of the Self. Furthermore, the declaration of the latter's existence is carried out by the Other in a "temporal format," since only the Other is capable of situating the Self in the present and defining its "lifespan," shouldering the emotional weight of such pivotal events as birth and death. Since the registration of the Self's finitude is given to the Other, it follows that the value of its existence is also recorded by the Other, which underscores the necessity of two-sided moral legitimacy. Accordingly, the failure of communication with the Other—resulting in the collapse of the moral bridge that exists between the participants in dialogue—can become a source of identity crisis. Overcoming such a crisis is, first and foremost, a moral–philosophical task that involves the acceptance of the Other and the acknowledgment of one’s responsibility before the Other. Dialogue with the Other reveals points of intersection, thereby ensuring the adequacy of the parties’ self-perception and the integrity of the Self.

    References

    Бахтин М., Автор и герой в эстетической деятельности. Проблема отношения автора к герою // Вопросы литературы, #12, 1978 [Bakhtin M., Avtor i geroy v esteticheskoy deyatel'nosti. Problema otnosheniy avtora k geroyu // Vorposy literatury, №12, 1978, ss.269-310].

    Бубер М., Я и Ты //Квинтэссенция: Филос. альманах, 1991., М., Политиздат, 1992 [Buber M., YA i Ty //Kvintessentsiya: Filos. al'manakh, 1991., M., Politizdat, 1992, s.294].

    Левинас Э., Время и Другой. Санкт-Петербург, Высшая религиозно-философская школа, 1998 [Levinas E., Vremya i Drugoy. Sankt-Peterburg, Vysshaya religiozno-filosofskaya shkola, 1998, ss.80-83].

    Локк Дж., Опыт о человеческом разумении // Сочинения в трех томах: Т. 1. М.: Изд-во «Мысль», 1985 [Lokk Dzh., Opyt o chelovecheskom razume // Sochineniya v trekh tomakh: T. 1. M.: Izd-vo «Mysl'», 1985, s.70].

    Фукуяма Ф. Идентичность. Стремление к признанию и политика неприятия. М., Альпина Паблишер, 2019 [Fukuyama F. Identichnost'. Stremleniye k priznaniyu i politika nepriyatiya. M., Al'pina Publisher, 2019].

    Camus A., The Fall. New York, VINTAGE BOOK, 1956.

    Derrida J., Given Time: I. Counterfeit Money. The University of Chicago Press, 1992

  • PHILOSOPHY

    The Views օf Aesthetic Value in Shahan Perperyan’s Theory օf Value

    Vardan Karapetyan
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    Abstract

    The Armenian philosopher of the last century, Shahan Perperyan (1861–1956), was one of the Western Armenian intellectuals of the first half of the 20th century who made tremendous efforts and undeniable contributions in the Diaspora and in Armenian spiritual centers toward the preservation of Armenian identity, Armenian thought, and the promotion and development of Armenian education. Perperyan devoted his entire conscious life to scholarly and pedagogical activity, occupying a unique place in the fields of Armenian philosophical thought, aesthetics, musicology, dance studies, and pedagogy.

    This article presents and summarizes Shahan Perperyan’s aesthetic views in the context of axiology (the theory of value). By distinguishing between works of craft and works of art, the article discusses issues related to human creative nature, art, the three main stages, forms, and motivations of artistic activity. It analyzes Perperyan’s axiological and aesthetic perceptions, in which an attempt is made to reveal the relationship between the human being and values, the process of evaluating a work of art, and the criteria for that evaluation. The article also addresses Perperyan’s philosophy of art and the different types of art. Based on the capacity of an artwork to carry aesthetic value, Perperyan distinguishes between primary or senior arts and secondary or junior arts, identifying six senior arts: Architecture, Sculpture, Painting, Dance, Folklore, Music. All other arts, such as carpentry, jewelry making, tailoring, and so on are considered junior arts. Perperyan’s views on the genres of art, the stimuli behind the emergence of art, and the entire process of art criticism and artistic creation are also presented

    References

    Կասսիրեր Է․, Էսսե մարդու մասին, Երևան, Փրինթինֆո, 2008, 384 էջ [Kassirer Ē., Esse mardu masin, Erevan, Printinfo, 2008, 384 ēĵ]:

    Պէրպէրեան Շ․, Արժէքաբանութիւն կամ արժէքներու իմաստասիրութիւն, Անթիլիաս, 1976, 166 էջ [Pērpērean Š., Aržēqabanutʿyun kam aržēqneru imastasirutʿyun, Antʿilias, 1976, 166 ēĵ]:

    Պէրպէրեան Շ․, Գեղագիտութիւն եւ գեղարուեստ, Պէյրութ, 1975, 414 էջ [Pērpērean Š., Gełagitutʿyun ev gełarvest, Beyrut, 1975, 414 ēĵ]:

    Պլատոն, Իոն, Երկեր չորս հատորով, հատոր III, Երևան, Փրինթինֆո, 2011, 262 էջ [Platon, Ion, Erker čʿors hatorov, hator III, Erevan, Printinfo, 2011, 262 ēĵ]:

    Քոլլինգվուդ Ռ․ Ջ․, Արվեստի հիմունքները, Երևան, Փրինթինֆո, 2007, 423 էջ [Kʿollingvud R. J., Arvesti himunqnery, Erevan, Printinfo, 2007, 423 ēĵ]:

    Аристотель, Поэтика, Сочинения: в 4-х т. Т. 4, М., Мысль, 1984, 830 с. [Aristotel', Poetika, Sochineniya: v 4-kh t. T. 4, M., Mysl', 1984, 830 s].

    Hume D., A Treatise of Human Nature, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1965.

  • PHILOSOPHY

    The Human Trait in Proverbs and Sayings: A Cognitive-Philosophical Insight into the Characterization of Language

    Nare Shalunts
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    Abstract

    The article focuses on the linguocognitive and philosophical analysis of the definition and characterization of human traits in proverbs and sayings through the conceptualization of language. Using a comparative method within an anthropocentric framework, the study analyzes French and Armenian proverbs and sayings, emphasizing the role of speech as a practical manifestation of language in revealing human traits. It situates truthfulness and deceitfulness within the interplay between the philosophy of language and reality, considering the construction of reality and the generation of meaning as functions of speech. Furthermore, the cognitive-pragmatic dimension highlights the influential potential of speech in relation to cautiousness. Cognition serves as the vehicle for the ontological, epistemological and ethical mapping of reality within proverbs, defining human nature in the context of the relationship between linguistic unit and concept. Speech, at the metalinguistic level, structures human nature via the concept of language. Consequently, linguocognitive analysis provides a means of defining the semantic framework of the philosophy of proverbial discourse. Within the conceptual field, proverbs and sayings use metaphorical structures to compress ways of characterizing human traits by language and its application: speech. Linguocognitive study of proverbial discourse provides a path for interpreting the philosophy of language, and metaphorical representations, from an intercultural perspective, reveal the domains where these pathways parallel and intersect.

    References

    Աղայան Է., Արդի հայերենի բացատրական բառարան, Երևան, Հայաստան հրատարակչություն, 1976 [Ałayan Ē., Ardi hayereni bacʿatrakan baṙaran, Erevan, Hayastan hratarakčʿutʿyun, 1976]:

    Բեդիրյան Պ., Հայերեն դարձվածքների ընդարձակ բացատրական բառարան, Երևան, ԵՊՀ հրատարակչություն, 2011 [Bediryan P., Hayeren darcvacʿkʿneri ěndzarcʿ bacʿatrakan baṙaran, Erevan, EPH hratarakčʿutʿyun, 2011]:

    Նազարյան Ա., Ֆրանսիական առածներ և ասացվածքներ ռուսերեն և հայերեն թարգմանությամբ ու համարժեքներով, Եր., Հելիոս հրատարակչություն, 1994 [Nazaryan A., Fransi¬akan aṙacʿner ev asacʿvacʿkʿner ruseren ev hayeren tʿargmanutʿyamb u hamaržeqnerov, Er., Helios hratarakčʿutʿyun, 1994]:

    Ղանալանյան Ա., Առածանի, Եր., Հայկական ՍՍՌ ԳԱ հրատարակչություն, 1960 [Łanalyan A., Aṙacʿani, Er., Haykakan SSR GA hratarakčʿutʿyun, 1960]:

    Günter R., Kövecses Z. Towards a Theory of Metonymy // Klaus-Uwe Panther and Günter Radden (eds.), Metonymy in Language and Thought, Amsterdam, Philadelphia: Benjamins, 1999, pp. 17-59.

    Johnson M., Philosоphy’s Debt to Metaphor // The Cambridge Handbook of Metaphor and Thought, edited by Raymond W. Jibbs, 2008.

    Lakoff G., Johnson M. Philosophy in the Flesh: The Embodied Mind and Its Challenge to Western Thought. New York, Basic Books, 1999.

    Lakoff G., Turner M. More than Cool Reason: A Field Guide to Poetic Metaphor. Chicago, The University of Chicago Press, 1989.

    Mácha J., Metaphor in Analytic Philosophy and Cognitive Science // Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia, T. 75, Fasc. 4, Modelos e Metáforas: Arte e Ciência / Models and Metaphors: Art and Science, 2019, pp. 2247-2286.

    Dictionnaire de proverbes et dictons, choisis et présentés par Florence Montreynaud, Agnès Pierron et François Suzzoni, Les usuels du Robert, 1984:

    Refranero multilingüe // https://cvc.cervantes.es/lengua/refranero/

  • PHILOSOPHY

    Extra-Structural and Intra-Structural Criteria for the Truth of Scientific Knowledge

    Albert Ghazaryan
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    Abstract

    Scientific theory has been considered as a true, reliable, convincing, acceptable form of knowledge in this article. Having revealed the foundations of the substantiation of a scientific theory, the following non-structural criteria for the truth of scientific knowledge have been highlighted: verification, falsification, historical justification, compliance with the theories existing in a considered area and period, the alignment and adjustability of the paradigm of theories of a considered period, the scientific picture of the world, the worldview from the socio-cultural and historical systems, etc.

    Intra-structural criteria for the truth of scientific knowledge include requirements for the structure of a scientific theory: independence of hypotheses, axioms, basic laws, premises, as well as consistency, completeness, together with simplicity of conclusions, coming from their provisions.

    In this context, it has been emphasized that extra-structural and intra-structural criteria for the truth, reliability and persuasiveness of historical knowledge differ. The criteria for the non-structural truth of historical knowledge are historical validity, compliance with the knowledge of a considered period, inclusion of the scientific picture of the world and worldview in the sociocultural, historical system. Intra-structural criteria include accuracy, consistency, consistency, completeness, generalization, imagery, and a beautiful style of presentation of historical knowledge.

    Scientific truth has been defined as the correspondence of scientific knowledge to reality, that is, it is knowledge that has sufficient basis, validity and persuasiveness in a particular sociocultural, historical context.

    References

    Ղազարյան Ա. Ս., Գիտական հետազոտության մեթոդաբանական առանձնահատկությունները, Երևան, 2015 [Łazaryan A. S., Gitakan hetazotutʿyan metodabanakan aṙandznahatkʿutʿyunnerə, Erevan, 2015]:

    Бунге М. Философия физики, М., 1973 [Bunge M. Filosofiya fiziki, M., 1973].

    Груссе Рене․ История древней Армении, М., 2021[Grusse Rene․ Istoriya drevney Armenii, M., 2021].

    Казарян А. С. Межтеоретические отношения и системность науки, Ереван, 1978 [Kazaryan A. S. Mežteoriticheskie otnosheniya i sistemnostʿ nauki, Erevan, 1978].

    Лэнг Дэвид, Армяне: Урарту — первое армянское государство, M., 2022, -350 с. [Leng Devid Armyane: Urartu–pervoe armyanskoe gosudarstvo, M., 2022, -350 s.].

    Рузавин Г. И. Методология научного исследования. М., 1999, с. 145-146 [Ruzavin G. I. Metodologiya nauchnogo issledovaniya. M., 1999, s. 145–146]

    Рузавин Г. И. Философский энциклопедический словарь. М., с. 117 [Ruzavin G. I. Filosofskiy enciklopedicheskiy slovarʿ. M., s. 117].

    Швырев В. С. Философский энциклопедический словарь, М., 1983, с. 677 [Shvyrev V. S. Filosofskiy enciklopedicheskiy slovarʿ, M., 1983, s. 677].

    Эйнштейн А. Физика и реальность. М., 1965, с. 139-140 [Eynshteyn A. Fizika i realʿnostʿ. M., 1965, s. 139–140].

PSYCHOLOGY

  • PSYCHOLOGY

    Metho­dological Principles for the Need for an Interdisciplinary Assessment of Cumulative Stress in Forcibly Displaced Persons

    Hrant Avanesyan, Diana Avtandilyan, Anahit Amirjanyan
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    Abstract

    This article is aimed at analyzing the characteristics of cumulative stress among forcibly displaced persons and the need to measure it within the framework of a biopsychosocial approach. Cumulative stress is the result of a combination of multiple, interconnected and time-accumulating stressors. It simultaneously affects the biological, psychological and social systems of an individual. The problem of displacement is becoming more relevant in the current period. Displacement, due to its specificities, is an important factor contributing to the emergence of cumulative stress. In conditions of forced displacement, stressful experiences are not only multi-layered, but also continuous, stress-causing factors are present both during displacement, before and after it, as a result of which the depletion of adaptive resources is gradually formed, the risk of functional changes occurs. Cumulative stress is characterized by multi-sectoral impact, temporal dynamics, and the interaction of external and internal factors. Therefore, the assessment of cumulative stress, especially in the case of forcibly displaced persons, cannot be limited to a single measurement tool, take into account only one environment of an individual's life activity, or have a purely cumulative nature. The need for a specific, systematic, and combined measurement approach is proposed, which will include an integrated assessment of psychological, physiological, and social factors.

    References

    Ավանեսյան, Հ․, Գալստյան, Ա․, Պապոյան, Վ․, Սարգսյան, Դ․, Հովհաննիսյան, Ս․, Պապոյան, Ս․ (2024). Հոգեբանական գնահատման գործիքակազմ: Ուսումնական ձեռնարկ, Եր., ԵՊՀ հրատ., 236 էջ: DOI:10.46991/YSUPH/9785808426955

    Абитов И.Р., Акбирова Р.Р. (2022). Психология стресса: учебно-методическое пособие. Казань: НОУ ДПО «Центр социально-гуманитарного образования», 126 с. | Abitov I.R., Akbirova R.R. (2022). Psikhologiya stressa: uchebno-metodicheskoye posobiye. Kazan': NOU DPO «Tsentr sotsial'no-gumanitarnogo obrazovaniya», 126 s.

    Гридчин, А. А. (2020). Кумулятивный стресс как источник возникновения утомленности или усталости. Общество: социология, психология, педагогика, (6), сс. 87–92. | Gridchin, A. A. (2020). Kumulyativnyy stress kak istochnik vozniknoveniya utomlennosti ili ustalosti. Obshchestvo: sotsiologiya, psikhologiya, pedagogika, (6), ss. 87–92.

    Мельникова, М. Л. (2018). Психология стресса: теория и практика: учебно-методическое пособие / Урал. гос. пед. ун-т; науч. ред. Л. А. Максимова. Екатеринбург, 112 с. | Mel'nikova, M. L. (2018). Psikhologiya stressa: teoriya i praktika: uchebno-metodicheskoye posobiye / Ural. gos. ped. un-t; nauch. red. L. A. Maksimova. Yekaterinburg, 112 s.

    Финогенова, Т. А., Березина, Т. Н., Литвинова, А. В., & Рыбцов, С. А. (2023). Влияние разных видов стресса на биопсихологический возраст. Современная зарубежная психология, 12(3), сс. 41–51. | Finogenova, T. A., Berezina, T. N., Litvinova, A. V., & Rybtsov, S. A. (2023). Vliyaniye raznykh vidov stressa na biopsikhologicheskiy vozrast. Sovremennaya zarubezhnaya psikhologiya, 12(3), ss. 41–51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17759/jmfp.2023120304

    Щербатых, Ю. В. (2006). Психология стресса и методы коррекции. СПб.: Питер, 256 с. | Shcherbatykh, YU. V. (2006). Psikhologiya stressa i metody korrektsii. SPb.: Piter, 256 s.

    Anisman, H. & Merali, Z. (1999). Understanding Stress: Characteristics and Caveats. Alcohol Research & Health: The Journal of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. 23, pp. 241–249.

    Denov, M., Fennig, M., Rabiau, M. A., & Shevell, M. C. (2019). Intergenerational resilience in families affected by war, displacement, and migration: “It runs in the family”. Journal of Family Social Work, 22(1), pp. 17–45. DOI:10.1080/10522158.2019.1546810

    Fondacaro K., Mazulla E. (2018). The Chronic Traumatic Stress Framework: A conceptual model to guide empirical investigation and mental health treatment for refugees and survivors of torture. Torture Journal, 28(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.7146/torture.v28i1.105477

    Haight, B. L., Peddie, L., Crosswell, A. D., Hives, B. A., Almeida, D. M., & Puterman, E. (2023). Combined effects of cumulative stress and daily stressors on daily health. Health Psychology, 42(5), pp. 325–334. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0001281

    Hazer, L., & Gredebck, G. (2023). The effects of war, displacement, and trauma on child development. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 10(1), pp. 1–19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-02438-8

    Lugg, W. (2022). The biopsychosocial model–history, controversy and Engel. Australasian Psychiatry, 30(1), pp. 55-59. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/10398562211037333

    Lupien, S. J., McEwen, B. S., Gunnar, M. R., & Heim, C. (2009). Effects of stress throughout the lifespan on the brain, behaviour and cognition. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 10(6), pp. 434–445. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2639

    Mann, F. D., Cuevas, A. G., & Krueger, R. F. (2021). Cumulative stress: A general “s” factor in the structure of stress. Social Science & Medicine, p. 289, 114405. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114405

    McEwen, B. S., & Stellar, E. (1993). Stress and the individual: Mechanisms leading to disease. Archives of Internal Medicine, 153(18), pp. 2093–2101. DOI: 10.1001/archinte.1993.00410180039004

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    Young, E. S., Doom, J. R., Farrell, A. K., Carlson, E. A., Englund, M. M., Miller, G. E., & Simpson, J. A. (2021). Life stress and cortisol reactivity: An exploratory analysis of the effects of stress exposure across life on HPA-axis functioning. Development and Psychopathology, 33(1), pp. 301–312. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579419001779

    URL: https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/refugee-and-migrant-mental-health (հասանելի է՝ 03.03.2026)

    URL: https://dictionary.apa.org/stress (հասանելի է՝ 03.03.2026)

  • PSYCHOLOGY

    Development of a Methodology for Assessing Political Dispositions and Measuring Reliability

    Elina Asriyan, Hasmik Sargsyan
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    Abstract

    The article presents various approaches to the study of political attitudes, emphasizing their multidimensional nature. Considering the limited availability of validated methodologies for studying political attitudes, particularly the absence of Armenian-language instruments, as well as the importance of systematic and comprehensive research in this field, the study introduces an original methodology for measuring political attitudes. The primary aim of this methodology is to assess the tendencies underlying the formation of political attitudes and to reveal their manifestation patterns.

    The methodology was developed through the integration of S. Asch’s theory of conformity and D. Kahneman and A. Tversky’s Prospect Theory principles. The development of the questionnaire involved three main stages: theoretical analysis, expert evaluation, and a pilot study. The pilot phase included 52 participants, and the results indicate a high level of internal consistency and reliability of the scales. Cronbach’s alpha was α = 0.871 for the conformity scale and α = 0.814 for the rationality scale. Based on the obtained data, quartile analysis was conducted to establish interpretative thresholds for the levels of conformity and rationality.

    References

    Белянин, А. В. (2004). Математическая психология как раздел экономической теории. Философия, этика, религиоведение./ Belyanin, A. V. (2004). Mathematical psychology as a branch of economic theory. Philosophy, Ethics, Religious Studies.

    2. Довбенко, М. В., & Осик, Ю. И. (2011). Современные экономические теории в трудах нобелиантов. Академия Естествознания./ Dovbenko, M. V., & Osik, Yu. I. (2011). Modern economic theories in the works of Nobel laureates. Academy of Natural Sciences.

    3. Amodio, D. M., Jost, J. T., Master, S. L., & Yee, C. M. (2007). Neurocognitive correlates of liberalism and conservatism. Nature Neuroscience, 10(10), 1246–1247.

    4. Asch, S. E. (1951). Effects of group pressure upon the modification and distortion of judgments. In H. Guetzkow (Ed.), Groups, leadership and men: Research in human relations (pp. 177–190). Carnegie Press.

    5. Aybar, C., Pérez, V., & Pavía, J. M. (2024). Scale matters: Unravelling the impact of Likert scales on political self-placement. Qualitative & Quantitative, 58, 3725–3746. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-023-01825-2

    6. Goshin, M., Grigoryev, D., & Sorokin, P. (2025). Adolescent agency and behavioral characteristics: Conformity, problematic behavior, need for cognition. Frontiers in Psychology, 16, Article 1410170. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1410170

    7. Hermanowicz, J. C. (2019). Change – social and personal: Thomas and Znaniecki’s The Polish Peasant for the study of present-day change in global higher education. Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny, LXXXI(4), 51–68. https://doi.org/10.18290/rpeis.2019.81.4-4

    8. Jost, J. T., Glaser, J., Kruglanski, A. W., & Sulloway, F. J. (2003). Political conservatism as motivated social cognition. Psychological Bulletin, 129(3), 339–375. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.129.3.339

    9. Kahneman, D., D., & Tversky, A. (1979). Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica, 47(2), 263–291.

    10. Kanai, R., Feilden, T., Firth, C., & Rees, G. (2011). Political orientations are correlated with brain structure in young adults. Current Biology, 21, 677–680. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2011.03.017

    11. Kononovich, T. A., & Myasoed, P. A. (2020). Teoriya perspektiv v protsessakh prinyatiya resheniya. Psikhologicheskie issledovaniya, 13(70).

    12. Lamm, K. W., Lamm, A. J., & Edgar, D. (2020). Scale development and validation: Methodology and recommendations. Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education, 27(2), 24–35.

    13. Samokhvalova, A. G., Shipova, N. S., Tikhomirova, E. V., & Vishnevskaya, O. N. (2022). Metodika otsenki psikhologicheskogo blagopoluchiya studentov: Verifikatsiya i validizatsiya. Vestnik of Kostroma State University.

    14. Stanley, L. (2010). To the letter: Thomas and Znaniecki’s The Polish Peasant and writing a life, sociologically. Life Writing, 7(2), 139–151. https://doi.org/10.1080/14484520903445271

    15. Tetradze, P. (2022). Alternate unconscious: Uzandze’s theory of set. https://primordialsoup.info/articles/alternate-unconscious-uznadzes-theory-of-set/

    16. Vis, B. (2011). Prospect theory and political decision-making. Political Studies Review, 9(3), 334–343. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-9302.2011.00238.x

    17. Caucasus Barometer survey methodology and data (CRRC-Armenia)

  • PSYCHOLOGY

    The Impact of Real and Digital Socialization Factors on Personality’s Current Psychological Well-Being

    Emma Sargsyan
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    Abstract

    Over the past decade, the concept of psychological well-being has emerged as a central focus in psychological, sociological, and broader interdisciplinary research. This growing attention reflects a conceptual shift: psychological well-being is no longer understood as exclusively intrapsychic or individual, but rather as a multidimensional, dynamically constructed phenomenon shaped by social, cultural, and contextual determinants. Within this framework, socio-psychological factors are particularly significant, as the foundational conditions for psychological well-being are predominantly established during adolescence through processes of interpersonal communication, social interaction, identity formation, and self-realization.

    In contemporary society, these developmental processes occur across both offline and digital environments, substantially transforming traditional models of socialization. Digital contexts provide expanded opportunities for social engagement and self-expression, offering new modalities for interaction and identity construction. Simultaneously, these environments introduce qualitatively novel psychological risks, including heightened susceptibility to social comparison, cyber-aggression, and pressures to seek online validation. As a result, there is a clear need for a comprehensive investigation into the complex and interactive effects of real-life and digitally mediated social experiences on adolescents’ psychological well-being and emotional resilience.

    The relevance of this study is further underscored by the developmental specificity of adolescence, a critical and sensitive period characterized by rapid physical, cognitive, emotional, and social changes. This stage of development can heighten vulnerability to mental health difficulties while also serving as a formative phase for the acquisition and consolidation of adaptive coping strategies and psychosocial resources.

    Accordingly, the primary objective of this research is to analyze the influence of socio-psychological determinants on adolescents’ psychological well-being across both real and digital social contexts. The study also aims to establish a rigorous methodological framework and strategic design for an empirical investigation that addresses these interactions, thereby contributing to a nuanced understanding of how contemporary social environments shape adolescent psychological health.

    References

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    3. Виноградова И. А., Громова, Т. С. (2024). Возрастная психология / Developmental Psychology. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/378241015_VOZRASTNAA_PSIHOLOGIA_DEVELOPMENTAL_PSYCHOLOGY_351-354/ Vinogradova, I. A., & Gromova, T. S. (2024). Vozrastnaya psikhologiya / Developmental psychology (pp. 351–354).

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    https://doi.org/10.11621/pir.2021.0305

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  • PSYCHOLOGY

    Content Validity Assessment of the "Personal Self-Transfor­mation Potential" Questionnaire Using the CVI Method

    Mariam Manukyan
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    Abstract

    The purpose of this article is to present the results of the adaptation and content validation of the Armenian version of the "Potential for Personal Self-Transformation" questionnaire, with the aim of creating an instrument to study its impact on career change in Armenia. The questionnaire is designed to assess key components such as the need for change, conscious self-transformation ability, personal resources, and belief in the possibility of self-change. The linguistic adaptation of the questionnaire was carried out using the back-translation procedure, ensuring conceptual and semantic equivalence with the original. The study involved 9 experts from the field of psychology (university lecturers and researchers), based on whose ratings a mixed-methods analysis was conducted, combining quantitative (Content Validity Index - CVI) calculation and qualitative analysis of the experts' comments. As a result of the analysis, based on the I-CVI scores (acceptable threshold ≥ 0.78) and qualitative feedback, a final 23-item version of the questionnaire was formed from the initial 24 items. The overall content validity index of the scale (S-CVI/Ave) was 0.90, which is considered an excellent score. The findings suggest that the instrument can be effectively utilized both for research purposes and in career counseling and Human Resource Management (HRM) to assess personal resources. The adapted version possesses high content validity and serves as a reliable basis for future psychometric studies, including reliability testing and construct validation.

    References

    1. Гришина Н.В. (2018). «Самоизменения» личности: возможное и необходимое. Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. Психология и педагогика, 8(2), 126–138. https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu16.2018.202 / Grishina, N. V. (2018). «Samoizmeneniya» lichnosti: vozmozhnoe i neobkhodimoe ["Self-changes" of personality: possible and necessary]. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta. Psikhologiya i pedagogika [Sankt-Petersburg University Gazette. Psychology and Pedagogy], 8(2), 126–138.

    2. Гришина Н.В., Манукян В.Р., Муртазина И.Р., Аванесян М.О. (2021). Самоизменения личности: Проблемы, модели, исследования. Коллективная монография. СПб., Изд-во С.-Петерб. ун-та./ Grishina, N. V., Manukyan, V. R., Murtazina, I. R., & Avanesyan, M. O. (2021). Samoizmeneniya lichnosti: Problemy, modeli, issledovaniya [Self-changes of personality: Problems, models, research]. Kollektivnaya monografiya. SPb.: Izd-vo S.-Peterb. un-ta.

    3. Манукян, В.Р., Муртазина, И.Р., Гришина, Н.В. (2020). Опросник для диагностики потенциала самоизменений личности. Консультативная психология и психотерапия, 28(4), 35–58. https://doi.org/10.17759/cpp.2020280403/ Manukyan, V. R., Murtazina, I. R., & Grishina, N. V. (2020). Oprosnik dlya diagnostiki potentsiala samoizmeneniy lichnosti [Questionnaire for diagnosing the potential for self-changes of personality]. Konsul'tativnaya psikhologiya i psikhoterapiya [Counseling Psychology and Psychotherapy], 28(4), 35–58. https://doi.org/10.17759/cpp.2020280403

    4. Aluja, A., García, L. F., & García, O. (2002). A comparative study of Zuckerman's three structural models for personality through the NEO-PI-R, ZKPQ-III-R, EPQ-RS and Goldberg's 50-bipolar adjectives. Personality and Individual Differences, 33(5), 713-725.

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    6. Taherdoost, H. (2022). What are Different Research Approaches? Comprehensive Review of Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Method Research, Their Applications, Types, and Limitations. Journal of Management Science & Engineering Research, 5(1), 53-63.

    7. Yusoff, M. S. B. (2019). ABC of content validation and content validity index calculation. Education in Medicine Journal, 11(2), 49–54. https://doi.org/10.21315/eimj2019.11.2.6

    8. Zukerman, M. (2007). Sensation seeking and risky behavior. American Psychological Association.

  • PSYCHOLOGY

    The Role of Awareness of Disease Stage Among Individuals with Cancer in the Context of Attachment to Close Others, Meaning in Life, and the Manifestation of Hopelessness

    Yeva Ghukasyan, Yeva Asribabayan
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    Abstract

    Cancer is considered one of the most serious health challenges of the 21st century. The diagnosis of cancer often turns into an existential crisis, accompanied by feelings of despair, uncertainty about the future, and the need to reconsider the meaning and values of life. Especially for patients in the palliative care stage, the illness becomes not only a medical condition but also a profound psychological experience that requires the development of new adaptive approaches. The present study examines the characteristics of meaning-making in life, attachment to significant others, and manifestations of despair among individuals with cancer undergoing palliative care, from the perspective of patients’ awareness of the stage of their illness. The findings highlight that patients’ awareness of their disease stage has a significant impact on life meaning-making, attachment to close others, and the intensity of despair, functioning as an important psychological factor in the palliative phase. In particular, individuals who are informed about the stage of their illness tend to demonstrate a more pronounced search for meaning in life and strive to re-evaluate the value of their existence, personal experiences, relationships, and social connections. At the same time, such awareness may facilitate acceptance of the illness, emotional regulation, and the formation of more open and deeper relationships with close others, which in some cases leads to a reduction in levels of despair.

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    A. T. Beck, A. Weissman, D. Lester and L. Trexler (1974). The measurement of pessimism: The Hopelessness Scale. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42(6), 861–865. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0037562

    Annina Seiler, Josef Jenewein: Resilience in cancer patients, Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Clinic Zugersee, Center for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Oberwil-Zug, Switzerland. (05.04.2019) //https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00208/full//

    Fan-Ko Sun, Ming-Kung Wu, YuChun Yao, Chun-Ying Chiang, Chu-Yun Lu. Meaning in life as a mediator of the associations among depression, hopelessness and suicidal ideation: A path analysis, Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health NursingVolume 29, Issue 1 p. 57-66. (08.02.2021) https://doi.org/10.1111/jpm.12739

    Francisca Rego and Rui Nunes. The interface between psychology and spirituality in palliative care, Volume 24, Issue 3 (15.08.2016) https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105316664138

    Frank Martela, Michael Steger. The three meanings of meaning in life: Distinguishing coherence, purpose, and significance. The Journal of Positive Psychology (27.01.2016), 11(5):1-15 DOI:10.1080/17439760.2015.1137623

    Michael H. Antoni, Patricia I. Moreno, and Frank J. Penedo, Stress Management Interventions to Facilitate Psychological and Physiological Adaptation and Optimal Health Outcomes in Cancer Patients and Survivors. Annual Review of Psychology Vol. 74, 2023, pp. 423-455 //https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-030122-124119//

    N. L. Collins. Adult Attachment Scale. In J. A. Simpson & L. Campbell (Eds.), The Handbook of Relationship Science and Couples Therapy (pp. 3-30). New York: Guilford Press. (2008)

    Sigrid Helene Kjorven Haug, Lars J. Danblot, Kari Kvigne, Valerie Demarinis. Older people with incurable cancer: Existential meaning-making from a life-span perspective (14.04.2015) DOI:10.1017/S1478951515000644

    Steger, M. F., Frazier, P., Oishi, S., & Kaler, M.. The Meaning in Life Questionnaire: Assessing the presence of and search for meaning in life. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 2006, 53, 80-93.

    William Breitbart, and Karen S. Heller. Reframing Hope: Meaning-Centered Care for Patients Near the End of Life. Journal of Palliative Medicine Vol. 6, No. 6 (07.07.2004) https://doi.org/10.1089/10966210332265490

    Zahra’a H. Saimaldaher RN, MScN (Staff Nurse) and Dhuha Y. Wazqar RN, PhD (Assistant Professor). Relationships between caregiving stress, mental health and physical health in family caregivers of adult patients with cancer: implications for nursing practice. Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Nordic College of Caring Science. (21.11.2019) doi: 10.1111/scs.12795

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